As I've pointed out before, no wound ballistics test has ever duplicated the SBT.
-- Martin Fackler's 1992 SBT wound ballistics test was fraudulent. First of all, not one of Fackler's test bullets passed through a simulated human neck and then destroyed 4-5 inches of rib bone while tearing through a simulated human chest before striking the cadaver radius bones. Not one.
Let me repeat that so the phony nature of Fackler's test can sink in: Fackler made no effort to simulate a human neck, a human chest, and a rib bone. Not one of his bullets hit anything before they hit the cadaver radius bones. Fackler simply shot cadaver radius bones with bullets whose velocity had been lowered to 1100-1300 FPS!
I suspect Fackler rigged the test because he knew full well that if his test bullets first had had to transit a human neck and then tear through a human chest and demolish 4-5 inches of rib bone in the process, the bullets would have emerged markedly deformed, just as they did in the AAT test and in Lattimer's test.
-- In Dr. Joseph Dolce's SBT test for the WC, even 6.5 mm FMJ bullets fired into cotton wadding emerged with more deformity than CE 399.
-- In the 1967 CBS SBT test, 6.5 mm FMJ bullets that merely passed through a 12-inch gelatin block before hitting cadaver wrists never had enough velocity to penetrate the simulated thigh, and some of them never even managed to exit the wrists. One of the expert forensic consultants for the CBS test, Dr. W. F. Enos, said the CBS test "disproved" the SBT and that the SBT was "highly improbable" (Mal Jay Hayman, Burying the Lead: The Media and the JFK Assassination, Trine Day LLC, 2019, pp. 214, 218).
-- In the 1992 AAT SBT test, a 6.5 mm FMJ bullet was fired into two gelatin blocks. The second gelatin block contained animal bones to simulate the shattering of a rib bone and the smashing of a wrist bone. The bullet transited the first gelatin block and penetrated deep into the second block and struck the animal bones. It emerged markedly more deformed than CE 399.
-- In Lattimer's SBT test, one of the test bullets was split at the nose in several places and was markedly deformed, much more deformed than CE 399, and this wasn't even one of the bullets that had struck all three simulation objects. When interviewed by Stewart Galanor, Lattimer admitted that he had thrown away all the bullets that hit all three simulation objects. Gee, I wonder why.
Also, the historic 2023 Knott Laboratory SBT trajectory analysis, the most sophisticated and data-intensive SBT trajectory study ever done, determined the SBT is impossible, finding that JFK's and Connally's wounds do not line up in a trajectory back to the sixth-floor window.
Knott Lab's experts conducted a high-definition laser scan of Dealey Plaza to generate a point cloud of up to 2 million points per second, to accurately measure point-to-point anywhere in the scene. Using a 3D laser scanner (Leica RTC360), Knott Lab's experts did 36 laser scans of Dealey Plaza, producing a digital reconstruction of the plaza that has 851 million data points. No other SBT trajectory analysis has included such a detailed, accurate digital model of the plaza and of JFK's and Connally's positions in the limousine.
From this point cloud (the digital model of the plaza), Knott Lab's forensic engineers were able to match images from the scene and the Zapruder film using photogrammetry. They modeled the presidential limousine using multiple photographs and established the correct dimensions of the vehicle. Through a process called match moving, they synced frames from the Zapruder film into the digital recreation of the scene. The match moving enabled the alignment of the digital models of Kennedy and Connally in the vehicle to establish their positions frame by frame throughout the incident.
It is worth noting that NASA's Thomas Canning, who did the HSCA's trajectory analysis, had to assume that Connally was several inches farther to the left than the photographic evidence shows he was. Canning's trajectory diagram put one-third of Connally's torso between the seats and had Connally's left shoulder more than halfway to Mrs. Connally's seat (see JFK Exhibit F-144). Even after moving Connally so far to the left, Canning had to admit that the trajectory lines of JFK's and Connally's wounds "do not coincide," a problem that Canning attributed to "experimental error."
Moreover, Canning assumed that Connally was hit at Z190. He did so (1) because the Photographic Evidence Panel correctly determined that the first bullet that hit JFK was fired at right around Z188-190, and (2) because he was forced to assume the single-bullet theory was correct.
