Elements of a shooting can be replicated individually to demonstrate what is possible. For example the Haag forensic team demonstrated by firing a Carcano round through ballistic gel that such a round tends to yaw upon exiting soft tissue. That doesn't prove the bullet that left JFK's throat yawed upon exiting but combined with the fact that the entry wound on JBC's back was elongated, it seems highly likely that is what happened. Likewise, an Australian documentary team used animal carcasses to simulate JFK's and JBC's bodies. It took them a number of tries before they got the bullet to pass through the simulated soft tissue and bone that the single bullet would have but when they did, the bullet ended up looking very similar to CE399. The nose was intact and there was flattening at the base. The bullet was bent more than CE399 but it is unreasonable to expect such an experiment could perfectly replicate CE399.

Indeed the Carcano bullet tends to yaw upon exiting.  I’ve recreated it with ballistic dummies with pigskin wrapped around the neck while wearing a dress shirt, necktie and suit coat.  In fact most times (3 of 4 in my testing) made full side on entries in the Connally dummy.  But Connally’s jacket didn’t reflect a side on entry but a 1/2 by 3/8 inch hole (which was compromised as evidence because it was dry cleaned before being properly analyzed.  Haag incorrectly said that Connally had a full side on wound.  Dr Shaw described the wound as elliptical and 1.5 cm in its greatest diameter.  He later told the HSCA he felt the wound was from a tangential entry rather than a yawing bullet.  But I agree, an elongated wound could indicate the bullet had been knocked off a stable trajectory (ie going thru JFK first). However, Connally said consistently until the day he died that he was turning as he was hit.  I know from many firearms training sessions in the FBI using turning targets that a stable bullet striking a rotating target will leave an elongated entry.  So I did tests on the range shooting into the Connally target while it was rotated from its right to left.  The results were an elongated entry approximately 1.5 cm wide. 

Regarding the Australian test, if you’re talking about the one done for Unsolved History (JFK Beyond the Magic Bullet) by Alex Krstic, they didn’t shoot animals (the Edgewood testing did) but ballistic dummies with bones embedded in the Connally dummy.  They set it up following the SBT parameters fairly accurately.  Yet despite an exit well below the throat in JFK’s chest. They recovered the bullet and its nose was deformed and the shaft of the bullet was bent.  Despite both these discrepancies, the narrator stated the single bullet theory had been confirmed. 

Interestingly when I first started my testing, I tried simply to replicate the 1/2 inch overlapping vertical slits in the dress that J Edgar Hoover told the WC was typical of a bullet exiting cloth.  I also faithfully set up my dummy (with the same ballistic gel covered around the neck with pigskin and wearing a suit) by the WC parameters.  My aim point was 5 3/8 inches below the top of the suit collar with the jacket bunched approximately 2 inches and the dummy sitting normally upright.  With a 17 degree shot to that point, I not only got a round exit hole but an exit in the chest 2 1/2 inches below the throat.  To get the bullet to exit near the shirt collar, it took a near horizontal shot aimed at the suit collar.  I ran it 19 times and got 19 round exit holes—not a single vertical slit.  But the trajectory discrepancy really intrigued me and led to the remainder of my SBT testing. 

I’m not aware of Lattimer duplicating the overall shot with dummies set up in the same relative positions as JFK and JBC as Alex Krstic (the Australian test) did on the Unsolved History episode.  Lattimer duplicated several elements of the SBT but if he did an overall reconstruction, I’d like to see his results if you can tell me where I could find it. 

The Krstic test actually set up the reconstruction pretty rigorously following the parameters of the shot with JFK and JBC in their relative positions.  They marked the entry point approximately 14 cm below the dummy’s mastoid process.  They shot from 60 feet up and hit just a little low and left of the aim point.  They showed a graphic from a side view showing the bullet exited in JFK’s chest, well below the throat.  They failed to show the actual exit point but through a narrator said the single bullet theory worked.  The bullet’s nose was flattened and the bullet shaft bent.  The narrator explained that the nose was flattened because the bullet struck two ribs in the test—otherwise it would have been very similar to 399.  They forgot to add that 399 struck JBC’s wrist bone. 

In all probability, CE399 had turned end for end or close to it when it had hit the wrist bone. Given the likelihood the bullet yawed upon exit from JFK's throat, it's likely the tumbling action would have continued as the bullet passed through JBC's chest and blew out a section of rib. It's impossible to say whether the flattening at the base occurred when the bullet hit rib or when it hit the wrist. The fact lead fragments were deposited in JBC's wrist and the lead was only exposed at the base bullet further indicates it's likely the wrist was struck by the base of the bullet and not the nose. There's no reason to believe the nose would be flattened when it didn't hit anything hard.

But you’re absolutely correct about the alignment issues. My testing on both the range and with a 1:1 model of the limousine using mannequins and stand ins, has revealed neither the vertical angle (slope), nor the horizontal angle (right to left direction) of the shot works.  The 17 degree slope of the shot exits 2 1/2 inches below the throat with an entry on the suit coat 5 3/8 inches below the top of the collar (with the coat bunched approximately 2 inches).  It gets further out of whack with the 13 degree right to left aspect of the shot.  My testing has revealed JBC’s midline sitting centered in a 20.5 inch wide jump seat placed 2.5 inches from the car door had to be moved 9 inches inboard for the shot to align.  This was done with string run through pre cut holes in the mannequins/stand ins clothes at the exact FBI measurements.  The string forces the geometry and I think is more compelling than animated reconstructions.

9 inches is approximately how far inboard JBC was from JFK. We know this because of the movie David Powers was taking from the Queen Mary. We can see roughly half of JBC's torso in front of JFK. It it wasn't half a body width, it was close to it. Did you take into account that JBC's shoulders were turned to the right at the time the bullet hit.

Since you believe JBC wasn't far enough left of JFK to have been hit next to the armpit, why didn't the bullet exiting JFK's throat hit more toward the center or even the left side of JBC's back. How could that shot have missed him completely. It makes no sense.

As for the Knott Lab animation, it is primitive compared to what Dale Myers had done more than 20 years earlier. The graphics were on par with 1980s era video games. Even with the low grade graphics, they slid JBC to various positions in front of JFK and the position he was in when they showed the bullet hitting next to his armpit, it looked very close to the position the Z-film showed he was in. Since they only showed the view from the side and not from behind or above, we can't really see where JBC would have been positioned for the bullet to hit next to his armpit.  Myers 3D animation allowed views from any angle at any point during the animation. If the Knott Lab animation allowed that, they didn't show those views on their website.

The Bothun photo is of no use.

   OK. The timestamp for the Bothun Photo is :30 seconds after the kill shot. Yet, we see Motorcycle Officer Hargis beginning to ride away. Considering everything that Hargis did, that :30 seems very quick for him to be riding away.
   Also, that photo shows almost all of the Hargis motorcycle windshield. A detailed look at that windshield should reveal a lot of blood/brain matter on it. Hargis stopped his motorcycle quickly after the kill shot. Whatever was on that windshield should have remained "as is" on the Bothun Photo. 

Two SBT wound-ballistics tests (one of Lattimer's tests and an Australian test) actually duplicated all the wounds posited by the SBT, but in both cases the bullets emerged visibly more damaged than CE 399.

And, of course, both of those tests assumed that JFK and Connally were aligned in a way to make the wounding possible in the first place, when in fact the most advanced, sophisticated SBT trajectory analysis ever done, the 2023 Knott Lab analysis, found that the two men were not aligned in a way that would make the SBT theoretically possible. In addition, the few pro-SBT trajectory analyses have had to make demonstrably invalid assumptions about the size of Connally's back wound (doubling its size), the size and nature of the wound path through Connally's chest (ignoring the fact that it was rather narrow), and JFK and Connally's positions and rotations (putting the men in positions and/or rotations that are wholly unsupported by the photographic evidence). 

I’m not aware of Lattimer duplicating the overall shot with dummies set up in the same relative positions as JFK and JBC as Alex Krstic (the Australian test) did on the Unsolved History episode.  Lattimer duplicated several elements of the SBT but if he did an overall reconstruction, I’d like to see his results if you can tell me where I could find it. 

The Krstic test actually set up the reconstruction pretty rigorously following the parameters of the shot with JFK and JBC in their relative positions.  They marked the entry point approximately 14 cm below the dummy’s mastoid process.  They shot from 60 feet up and hit just a little low and left of the aim point.  They showed a graphic from a side view showing the bullet exited in JFK’s chest, well below the throat.  They failed to show the actual exit point but through a narrator said the single bullet theory worked.  The bullet’s nose was flattened and the bullet shaft bent.  The narrator explained that the nose was flattened because the bullet struck two ribs in the test—otherwise it would have been very similar to 399.  They forgot to add that 399 struck JBC’s wrist bone. 

But you’re absolutely correct about the alignment issues. My testing on both the range and with a 1:1 model of the limousine using mannequins and stand ins, has revealed neither the vertical angle (slope), nor the horizontal angle (right to left direction) of the shot works.  The 17 degree slope of the shot exits 2 1/2 inches below the throat with an entry on the suit coat 5 3/8 inches below the top of the collar (with the coat bunched approximately 2 inches).  It gets further out of whack with the 13 degree right to left aspect of the shot.  My testing has revealed JBC’s midline sitting centered in a 20.5 inch wide jump seat placed 2.5 inches from the car door had to be moved 9 inches inboard for the shot to align.  This was done with string run through pre cut holes in the mannequins/stand ins clothes at the exact FBI measurements.  The string forces the geometry and I think is more compelling than animated reconstructions. 

Do some actual research.
You can start with the links I gave you.
You too will be convinced that the Givens story is a fabrication.
And if you think that the WC Sham fabricating testimony is a nothing burger...

Meanwhile - ROLL UP, ROLL UP NUTTERS. LET'S HEAR WHAT YOU HAVE TO SAY. DON'T LEAVE POOR OLD CORBETT FLAPPING AROUND ON HIS OWN!

Pat Speer is an idiot and anyone who believes him must be as well.

It wouldn't surprise me if the other LNs already know what an idiot you are and not worth the time it takes to respond to your moronic posts.