As JFK emerges from behind the Stemmons sign his left arm is down by his side, as it was before he passed behind the sign.
Less than half a second later it has flown up from this resting position into the extreme hyper-extension of the elbows, curled wrists and stiffly pointing index finger. Somewhere in "The First Shot" thread Brian Roselle had an excellent post about how JFK's hand/wrist position resemble rapid onset spasticity. The rapidity, extremeness and distorted nature of his arm movements indicate massive nerve damage. This kind of response occurs milliseconds after the initial 'stimulus'. It is the reaction to a shot passing through him at z222/223. The first signs of reaction are visible around z225.
There are no indications whatsoever that JFK was reacting to anything before this point. Suggestions to the contrary have been recently debunked ("When Was JFK HIT", REPLY#14)
Also posted on the same thread was the following:

Cavitation is an effect where a bullet passing through soft tissue, as demonstrated in the video below:


It isn't just the bullet that causes damage when it passes through a body. Cavitation can have an equally devastating effect on the tissue and, in particular nerves. When the bullet passes through JFK's neck, there is the damage caused by the bullet and damage caused by cavitation. The bullet passes through an area called the Brachial Plexus, an area dense in nerves coming out of the spinal column. In the diagram below the red dot represents the approximate position the bullet enters his upper back/lower neck:




Comments from Dr. Robert Artwohl explaining why we saw the arms stiffening upward.
“JFK’s reaction to the neck wound was, for all intents and purposes, instantaneous to the hit at Z-223/224. As the bullet passed through his neck, the pressure cavity caused an immediate and wide spread stimulation of all the nerves in the immediate vicinity, that is of the brachial plexus, the large group of nerves that emerge from C5-T1. These are the nerves that supply motor function to the arms.”

"Comments from neurologist Dr. Strully in a letter sent by Dr. Strully to Dr. Robert Artwohl, dated April 9, 1994 as to an even greater possible extent of the muscle contractions:

 "Before all else, it is necessary to remember that this assassination reveals a sequence of neural responses initiated in the neck by the shock wave and cavitation induced by the bullet in its traverse of the neck.  This traumatized all structures in a 6 inch radius in all directions from the path of passage through the neck.  This spread of forces occurred in a fraction of a second, traumatizing all neural structures in the immediate vicinity within a fraction of a second as determined by the speed of the missile according to ballistic studies.
As a result, contraction of the muscles innervated by nerves closest to the bullet's path took place first; -- right deltoid, left deltoid, right biceps followed by the left biceps and sequential contraction of all muscles in the forearms, hands, chest, abdominal walls and paraspinal muscle groups, with muscles in the lower extremities, farthest from the shock wave, responding last.  All neural structures in the neck were stimulated at the same moment…” [posted by Brian Roselle]

The effect of cavitation causes an "instantaneous" contraction of all the arm muscles. This is clearly seen in the Z-film as JFK's elbows fly up to their highest point and the top half of his body appears to momentarily stiffen. It is a radical, extreme and instantaneous reflex reaction caused by the wholesale damage of nerves in the Brachial Plexus.
How quickly is "instantaneous" for a reflex reaction:


"While human reaction times tend to require hundreds of milliseconds, "One of the fastest [neural feedback] loops is from arm sensors to spinal cord and back out to arm muscles: it takes 110 milliseconds for feedback corrections to be made to an arm movement." (William H. Calvin, "The unitary hypothesis: A common neural circuitry for novel manipulations, language, plan-ahead, and throwing?" in Tools, Language, and Cognition in Human Evolution, edited by Kathleen R. Gibson and Tim Ingold. Cambridge University Press, pp. 230-250, [1993].)

So there could already be a reaction of a subject's arms in as early as 110 milliseconds, the equivalent of two Zapruder frames. But, of course, with JFK and Gov. Connally shot between 223 and 224, we should not be able to discern a significant reaction before frame 226. While only a few milliseconds later, this would still be too late.

Among people who have taken that particular JFK Assassination trivia quiz (as of June 29, 2026), only 8% of the participants have been able to achieve a perfect score.

Here are my results after I took the quiz....

https://triviavault.co.in/results/jfk-assassination-quiz

https://triviavault.co.in/play.php?slug=jfk-assassination-facts-myths-conspiracy-theories&utm_source=msads&utm_medium=a&utm_campaign=524173807&utm_term=keyword&utm_content=82876117290326&t1=a&t2=524173807&t3=1326013890801084&t4=msads&t5=82876117290326

The above link is to a dirt simply, 15 question, JFKA quiz. I would bet that most of the participants on this forum would be able to get all 15 right without breaking a sweat. I wouldn't say the same about those in the general public. While it is impossible to know without actually administering this quiz to a group of randomly selected people, I would gladly wager that not one in ten would be able to answer all 15 correctly and that not one in five would even get 5 of the 15 correct. What the average person doesn't know about the JFKA could fill a book. In fact, countless authors have proven that by continuing to crank out books with new conspiracy angles, as well as old recycled ones.

CTs point with pride to polls that show a clear majority of people believe people other than Oswald were behind the assassination. With a populace that knows so little about the JFKA, and most of what they think they know they probably "learned" from Oliver Stone's movie, it's not at all surprising that a majority of people still believe the conspiracy hype.

There is no mystery to who shot JFK and there hasn't been since day one. The only question worth contemplating is whether he had any accomplices. Despite an army of researchers looking for such evidence for 62 years, no one has come up with any credible evidence that such accomplices existed. At 74 years of age, I feel safe in saying no one ever will in my lifetime. So many CTs, famous and unfamous have gone to their graves without ever discovering any such evidence. The same fate awaits all CTs. All the books written during the past 62 years postulating JFK died via a conspiracy will be relegated to history's clearance table. The same holds true of what has been offered on this and countless other JFKA forums.

MW: True, but Bentley said it himself in his report to Chief Curry.

Did Bentley say that he engraved his initials on the gun at the same time as Hill, Carroll, Walker, and McDonald? No. You're assuming that all of the officers itnitalled the weapon at the same time, but there's nothing in the record that requires, implies, or suggests that this is the case.


MW: No, Hill's report doesn't imply anything of the kind. When you feel the need to make stuff up, you've already lost the argument!

Oh, but it does. You just won't let the sunshine into your mind. Carrol testified to the same thing:

Mr. BALL: And tell me briefly who was present when you saw McDonald make the mark on the gun?

Mr. CARROLL: Well, let's see - there was myself, Mack, I think Ray Hawkins was there, and I believe Hutson was there, and I believe Bentley and Lyons had already gone out to have their feet checked


MW: Btw, you still haven't provided an answer about Guy Rose and C.T. Walker.... Why is that?

Because you kept emphasizing Bentley, so that's what I responded to. Your Bentley angle has crashed and burned, so now you want to change the subject.

Did Bentley say that he engraved his initials on the gun at the same time as Hill, Carroll, Walker, and McDonald? No. You're assuming that all of the officers itnitalled the weapon at the same time, but there's nothing in the record that requires, implies, or suggests that this is the case.

Moving the goalpost again? This is exactly the kind of BS that I have seen coming from you in previous conversations. Hill said he had the revolver all the time, until he handed it over to Lt Baker. Your suggestion that Bentley initialed the revolver before everybody else did is an assumption for which there is no evidence. It also doesn't make any sense!

Oh, but it does. You just won't let the sunshine into your mind. Carrol testified to the same thing:

First you claim that Hill's testimony implied it (which it didn't) and now you come up with Carroll who only believes that Bentley and Lyons had already left and doesn't even recall if Westbrook was there.

Wow, that's some solid "evidence" 

The one good thing coming out of this is the fact that there also isn't a solid chain of custody for the wallet, just like there isn't one for the revolver, the gray jacket and CE 399.

Because you kept emphasizing Bentley, so that's what I responded to. Your Bentley angle has crashed and burned, so now you want to change the subject.

Nope.. the question about Rose and Walker was already asked before you joined the conversation. The fact that you don't understand ignored that shows exactly your strategy of talking about anything except the matter I wanted to discuss.

And my Bentley angle hasn't crashed and burned. You haven't even come close to making a coherent argument. All you are doing is cherry picking evidence and throwing it at the wall to see what sticks.

As for the original question, which directly relates to the existence of two wallets, you are still completely lost in the dark.

I said it before and I'll repeat it now; talking to you is a waste of time!

Plausible - if it was not for the mountain of evidence that the head shot was the last shot: All occupants of the limo and Secret service car, Altgens, Gayle and Bill Newman, Zapruder.

2.3 seconds after z313 is z345. Clint Hill had reached the car by z345.  One might wonder why anyone would try to shoot with JFK in this position:



Besides, it also makes no sense that the shooter would take another shot after seeing the results of the head shot.

So you prefer your 1st shot  at Z190 , then 4 secs later a shot at Z270, then 2.5 secs later Z313, where in only 2.5 secs the shooter hits Z313 the smallest target still moving (at 8mph)?   Is it even possible  ? since no CBS trial shooter ever managed to hit the head after only 2.5 secs from hitting the moving full upper body silhouette. No one else as far as I remember had ever accomplished that quick of an ejection of shell and chamber next round and was able to aim and fire and hit at a moving small 8” diameter target even if stationary let alone moving ar 8mph.