The WC Sham had the testimonies of Junior Jarman and Hank Norman to nail down when BRW went down to join them.
And wouldn't you believe it, they omitted this testimony from the report. What a shock.

If they put everything in the report that was in the 26 volumes of testimony, the report would have been 26 volumes long and been pretty tedious for anyone wanting to read it. The 888-page report contained the WC's findings and specified the evidence that led them to those conclusions. They provided the 26 volumes of evidence for those who wanted to dive deeper.

Yes, I've read Corbett's latest reply. I think it's so evasive, childish, and uninformed that I see no need to respond to it. I would, however, like to follow up (1) on my comments on Lattimer's position on how long it would have taken JFK to react to his non-fatal wounds and (2) on the issue of how long it would have taken for Connally's body to visibly react to the bullet's impact.

JFK and JBC visibly reacted at the same moment, Z226, when both suddenly flipped their arms upward in perfect unison.

'Nuff said.

In fact, come to think of it, Lattimer was talking about an involuntary movement, i.e., the Thorburn reaction, which is a neurological reflex associated with spinal injury. Lattimer said that JFK assumed the Thorburn Position after he was hit, and that the Thorburn reaction would have taken around four frames to happen, which is why he said JFK was hit by no later than Z221.

Lattimer might have been under the impression that JFK was visibly reacting when he reappeared at Z225, something I believed for many years and I think most people still believe. However, a close examination of enlarged frames tell us that JFK's right arm was still moving DOWNWARD at Z225. We know that by comparing JFK's right arm in Z224 to the position it was in at Z225. Although JFK's face doesn't appear until Z225, his right arm is visible at Z224. Looking at the Z-film at normal speed and without magnification, it does seem JFK was already reacting when he reappeared at Z225 which would tell Lattimer JFK was hit no later than Z221 and possibly before. However, the simultaneous reaction of JFK and JBC at Z226 comes 4 frames after Z222 which establishes that as the LATEST the two men could have been hit, and they might not have been hit until Z223 or possibly during the brief gap between Z222 and Z223 when the film was advancing one frame.

The estimated response time has been state to be ABOUT 200 milliseconds. This is, of course, and estimate. It would be a truly remarkable coincidence if the response time was not only a round number, but an integer. 200 milliseconds for a response is likely a good ballpark number to work with. The witness who said that each frame of the Z-film was 56 milliseconds was apparently using 18 fps as the speed of the camera. 1000/18 comes out to 55.55555... which does round up to 56 milliseconds. However using 18.3 fps, 1000/18.3 comes out to 54.6448... milliseconds. I know it's quibbling, but that is a more accurate figure. 200 milliseconds is roughly 3.66 frames which no surprisingly, is also not an integer. For this reason, a reaction at Z226 is compatible with a single bullet strike at either Z222, Z223, or during the gap between those two frames.

The above is a perfectly logical explanation of the timing and physics involved, which is why MTG chooses to label it as "childish and uninformed". That's his typical response to critical questioning which challenges his long-held conspiracy dogma. It's his excuse for dodging the critical questioning.

Now, of course, Lattimer's claim that Kennedy assumed the Thorburn Position starting in Z225 is demonstrably wrong, as has been pointed out by numerous scholars over the years.

I find it amusing that MTG refers to everyone who agrees with him as a scholar while he has a wide array of epithets for those who dare to challenge his claims.

The point is that Lattimer acknowledged that an involuntary movement in response to injury would take around four frames. Forensic literature on the Thorburn reaction says it happens "immediately" and "instantaneously" after the required spinal injury occurs. Posner says "Kennedy's Thorburn response from spinal damage . . . came between one-tenth to two-tenths of a second after the bullet hit him, which translates to 1.8 to 3.66 Zapruder frames."

In terms of the time it would have taken for Connally's torso to show visible movement in response to the force of the bullet's impact, this would have taken no more than four Zapruder frames, or about 220 milliseconds. This matches perfectly with Connally's selection of Z234 as the moment impact, since his right shoulder starts to be driven downward in Z238.

JBC's arm flip at Z226 matches perfectly with a bullet strike in the Z222-223 window. So does JFK's sudden raising of his arms at the same frame. It's doesn't matter whether it was a Thorburn response or not. He was reacting to getting shot.

I asked Google AI, "If a bullet hits your back how long will it take your torso to show a visible reaction?" Google AI answered that the visible reaction will occur "within milliseconds of the impact" and that "the physical response is governed by the laws of physics and biomechanics rather than a conscious delay":

"Within milliseconds" WOW, that's really narrowing it down.

When a bullet strikes the torso, a visible reaction begins instantly, within milliseconds of the impact. The physical response is governed by the laws of physics and biomechanics rather than a conscious delay.

So the idea that Connally's dramatic shoulder drop in Z238-242 is a "delayed reaction" to a hit at Z222-224 is unreasonable and unscientific. Jim Moore, one of the most honest WC apologists around, freely acknowledges the sharp right shoulder drop in Z238-242 . He theorizes that JFK's arm and hand movements in Z224-237 are in response to being hit with bits of concrete and/or metal from the bullet that hit the pavement behind the limo, and that the alleged SBT hit occurs at Z237:

And again, MTG ignores the very obvious shoulder drop by JBC at Z225, 2-3 frames after he was shot.

Governor Connally himself studied the Zapruder film and picked frame 234 as the moment of the bullet’s impact upon his back. In the film itself, less than a third of a second after Connally says he was hit, one can see the dramatic effect of the bullet’s impact. Between frames 237 and 238, the bullet strike is evident as the Governor’s right shoulder collapses, his cheeks suddenly puff, and his hair is disarranged. Indeed, between the two frames, the slope of the Governor’s right shoulder suddenly drops by about twenty degrees. . . .

MTG continues to ignore the fact that JBC could only judge when he was hit by looking for when he made the reaction he remembered. He was unaware of his involuntary arm flip at Z226 which was a reaction to the bullet which struck his wrist 3-4 frames earlier.

The problem Dr. Lattimer, the Warren Commission and HSCA investigators share is the sudden drop of Connally’s right shoulder at frames 237-238. Portions of the human frame don’t suddenly drop 20 degrees without some significant outside force acting upon them. And, when you consider that this shoulder drop took place within an eighteenth of a second, that outside force must have been very significant indeed. Impact on the Governor’s back, then, most likely took place at Zapruder frame 237. Interestingly enough, Connally’s doctors also reviewed the Zapruder film and placed the moment of impact at about frame 236. . . .

I guess JBC's Z225 shoulder drop was in anticipation of the bullet that was about to hit him in the back.

I believe that President Kennedy shared Tague’s experience. Doubtless the bullet hitting the concrete only a few feet from the President showered President Kennedy with bits of concrete and possibly metal fragments. . . .

Pelted or forcibly struck by bits of concrete and metal, he lived the next two seconds in a daze. His right arm, which had been waving to the Elm Street crowd, froze in place. By the time he emerged from behind the road sign and back into Zapruder’s view, his hands were rising to cover his face. (Conspiracy of One: The Definitive Book on the Kennedy Assassination, 2018 edition, pp. 167-169, 197-198)[/font]

JFK's right hand did not freeze in place. There was almost nobody left on Elm St. to continue to wave to. Perhaps Joe Biden would have continued to wave to non-existent spectators, but JFK's cognitive decline wouldn't begin for another 6 seconds.

This is actually the least ridiculous version of the SBT that has been offered by WC apologists. Of course, it, too, is fatally flawed because of the conflicting trajectories, because of the narrow wound path through Connally's chest, because of the wound-ballistics evidence that CE 399 could not have done all the damage required by the SBT, and because of the disclosures that the back wound had no exit point, that there was no hole in the tie and no nick on the tie knot's left or right edge, and that the back wound was well below the throat wound, etc.

MTG has been spewing that  for 35 years. No reason to expect him to stop now.

However, at least this version of the SBT offers a non-ludicrous explanation for JFK's Z200-237 reaction, offers a non-ludicrous explanation for the location of the rear JFK clothing holes, and acknowledges the obvious implications of the Z238-242 right shoulder drop.

Conspiracy of One was one of the first books i read when I started to study the JFK assassination in depth. As a newbie, I was susceptible to quite a bit of nonsense and Moore's book had plenty of that. Fortunately, I quickly learned to apply a healthy dose of skepticism to future books I read on the subject, such as Plausible Denial, Mafia Kingfish, and Best Evidence to name a few. These books have been relegated to history's clearance table while the WCR still stands as the definitive account of the JFKA.

For information on why JFK's reaction in Z224-232 does not even come close to a Thorburn reaction, see the following articles:

"Dr. Lattimer and the Great Thorburn Hoax"

"John Lattimer Never Quit"

I have no opinion on whether JFK's reaction to the bullet that went through his torso was a true Thorburn response or not. It doesn't matter whether it was or was not. It is a reaction to having been shot which is what matters. I have seen similar responses by football players, usually quarterbacks, who absorb violent blows to the head. The most recent example was by Oregon QB Dante Moore, who took a vicious helmet-to-helmet hit by a USC defender as Moore was sliding to the ground. His hands both went up in front of him as he lay motionless on the ground. Was that Thorburn? I don't know. I don't care. It was the dirtiest play I've seen so far this season.

https://www.bing.com/videos/riverview/relatedvideo?q=video+dante+moor+taking+helmet-to-helmet+hit&refig=6abe5312f4b7486d9a41c960342c6c00&pc=EDBBAN&ru=%2fsearch%3fq%3dvideo%2bdante%2bmoor%2btaking%2bhelmet-to-helmet%2bhit%26form%3dANNTH1%26refig%3d6abe5312f4b7486d9a41c960342c6c00%26pc%3dEDBBAN&mmscn=vwrc&mid=1BF68749DDB0129E50B71BF68749DDB0129E50B7&FORM=WRVORC&ntb=1&msockid=08ca9e78bd9f11f1bfd566f2f7247be1

I firmly believe that you suffer with mental illness, MTG.
 
You're an egomaniacal narcissist.

Well said, Steve. Michael T. Griffith: you are aware that Steve single-handedly proved the Dictabelt did not record Dealey Plaza gunfire more than 40 years ago? Give it a rest, dude.

Yes, I've read Corbett's latest reply. I think it's so evasive, childish, and uninformed that I see no need to respond to it. I would, however, like to follow up (1) on my comments on Lattimer's position on how long it would have taken JFK to react to his non-fatal wounds and (2) on the issue of how long it would have taken for Connally's body to visibly react to the bullet's impact.

Oh, you'd love to see me cite a source for this known forensic fact, hey?! Well, okay! How about two of your side's own experts, Dr. John Lattimer and Dr. Robert Piziali, for starters?! This is why Piziali denied that JFK is reacting in Z225 at the 1992 ABA/Failure Analysis mock Oswald trial. This is why Lattimer said JFK was hit no later than Z221.

Have you not read any of Lattimer's SBT material? Do you even know who Piziali was? He was a ballistics expert who testified for the prosecution at the 1992 ABA/Failure Analysis mock Oswald trial. I'm guessing this is all news to you.

Piziali said that the same bullet struck Kennedy and Connally at Z224, and that a "reflexive reaction" to this impact would take "approximately 200 ms, which is exactly the time from when the bullet passes through Governor Connally's lapel and we see the first motion of the President's elbow." Umm, the 200-millisecond time for a reflexive reaction is correct, but the rest is demonstrably false, as even Pat Speer has noted:

Ouch. This was painfully incorrect. It was so incorrect that even the most ardent single-assassin theorists could see that it was incorrect. Beyond that the bullet did not pass through Connally's lapel, but at a lower point on his jacket, 200 ms is more than three-and-a-half frames of the Zapruder film. No one outside Dr. Piziali, of whom I am aware, has ever, after studying the Zapruder film, asserted that Kennedy's "reflexive reaction" starts at frame 227 of the film. Equally suspicious, upon cross-examination, Dr. Piziali confirmed that yes, it was his expert opinion that Kennedy was bringing his hand down after a wave in frame 225. This ignored that Kennedy's hands began rising back up in frame 226, not 227, and that frame 226 was not three and a half frames after . . . frame 224.

Afterward, defense witness Dr. Roger McCarthy confirmed that a reflexive reaction on Kennedy's part would take about 200 ms, but disagreed with Piziali's conclusions. He asserted that Kennedy's hand movements in frames 225 and 226 were much too rapid to be reflective of his bringing his hand down after a wave, and that Kennedy was therefore most likely reacting to a shot at this time. He testified that, accordingly, Kennedy was most likely hit no later than frame 221, by a different bullet than the one hitting Connally at frame 224. (https://www.patspeer.com/chapter12thesingle-bulletfact)

How about Failure Analysis ballistics expert Dr. Roger McCarthy? I quote from Dr. McCarthy's testimony at the 1992 ABA/Failure Analysis mock Oswald trial:

Mr. CHESLER. Now, what I'd like to do is, is move to the very next frame, 225. How much time elapsed on that day between time frame 224 was filmed and the time that frame 225 was filmed?

Dr. McCARTHY. About 56 milliseconds. This camera is running at a shade more than 18 frames/second, so between any 2 frames there's about an 18th of a second or 56 thousandth of a second. . . .

Mr. CHESLER. Now, Dr., based upon that, do you have a conclusion or an opinionas to when the President was hit with the bullet — how much before this point?

Dr. McCARTHY. Yes, as Dr. Piziali accurately indicated, there is a latency or a delay of about 200 milliseconds [about four frames] between the time that a message is delivered by either traumatic shock to the spine or by your mind to a muscle before you can get movement. You've experienced that every time you've ever grabbed something hot. You've known it was hot and were burned because of the delay, because you couldn't get — let go or move fast enough to avoid the damage. You knew it, and you just couldn't make your body move fast enough. There's nothing wrong with you; it takes about a fifth of a second to get all the hardware up to full power — to get the muscles to move.

Mr. CHESLER. Now, Dr., if, then, the President was hit 200 milliseconds before the movement on [frame] 225, how many frames back in the film would that be?

Dr. McCARTHY. That would be at 221 at a minimum [i.e., at the latest, and notice this is just based on timing it from a reaction at Z225]

Mr. CHESLER. And at 221 he's behind the sign, is that correct?

Dr. McCARTHY. Yes.

Mr. CHESLER. Alright. If he was hit at 221 and the Governor was hit at 224 according to the prosecution, then could they have been hit by the same bullet?

Dr. McCARTHY. No. (Trial transcript, in Harrison Edward Livingstone, Killing the Truth: Deceit and Deception in the JFK Case, 1993, pp. 235-236)

And, mind you, Lattimer, Piziali, and McCarthy were talking about voluntary movements in response to gunfire. Your side's experts have claimed for decades that in only 109.2 milliseconds, or two Zapruder frames, JFK's upper body began to experience an involuntary neuromuscular reaction to the Z312 headshot, that the violent backward-leftward movement of his upper body began only 109.2 milliseconds after the Z312 impact. (Each Zapruder frame is 54.6 milliseconds.)

In fact, come to think of it, Lattimer was talking about an involuntary movement, i.e., the Thorburn reaction, which is a neurological reflex associated with spinal injury. Lattimer said that JFK assumed the Thorburn Position after he was hit, and that the Thorburn reaction would have taken around four frames to happen, which is why he said JFK was hit by no later than Z221.

Now, of course, Lattimer's claim that Kennedy assumed the Thorburn Position starting in Z225 is demonstrably wrong, as has been pointed out by numerous scholars over the years.

The point is that Lattimer acknowledged that an involuntary movement in response to injury would take around four frames. Forensic literature on the Thorburn reaction says it happens "immediately" and "instantaneously" after the required spinal injury occurs. Posner says "Kennedy's Thorburn response from spinal damage . . . came between one-tenth to two-tenths of a second after the bullet hit him, which translates to 1.8 to 3.66 Zapruder frames."

In terms of the time it would have taken for Connally's torso to show visible movement in response to the force of the bullet's impact, this would have taken no more than four Zapruder frames, or about 220 milliseconds. This matches perfectly with Connally's selection of Z234 as the moment impact, since his right shoulder starts to be driven downward in Z238.

I asked Google AI, "If a bullet hits your back how long will it take your torso to show a visible reaction?" Google AI answered that the visible reaction will occur "within milliseconds of the impact" and that "the physical response is governed by the laws of physics and biomechanics rather than a conscious delay":

When a bullet strikes the torso, a visible reaction begins instantly, within milliseconds of the impact. The physical response is governed by the laws of physics and biomechanics rather than a conscious delay.

So the idea that Connally's dramatic shoulder drop in Z238-242 is a "delayed reaction" to a hit at Z222-224 is unreasonable and unscientific. Jim Moore, one of the most honest WC apologists around, freely acknowledges the sharp right shoulder drop in Z238-242 . He theorizes that JFK's arm and hand movements in Z224-237 are in response to being hit with bits of concrete and/or metal from the bullet that hit the pavement behind the limo, and that the alleged SBT hit occurs at Z237:

Governor Connally himself studied the Zapruder film and picked frame 234 as the moment of the bullet’s impact upon his back. In the film itself, less than a third of a second after Connally says he was hit, one can see the dramatic effect of the bullet’s impact. Between frames 237 and 238, the bullet strike is evident as the Governor’s right shoulder collapses, his cheeks suddenly puff, and his hair is disarranged. Indeed, between the two frames, the slope of the Governor’s right shoulder suddenly drops by about twenty degrees. . . .

The problem Dr. Lattimer, the Warren Commission and HSCA investigators share is the sudden drop of Connally’s right shoulder at frames 237-238. Portions of the human frame don’t suddenly drop 20 degrees without some significant outside force acting upon them. And, when you consider that this shoulder drop took place within an eighteenth of a second, that outside force must have been very significant indeed. Impact on the Governor’s back, then, most likely took place at Zapruder frame 237. Interestingly enough, Connally’s doctors also reviewed the Zapruder film and placed the moment of impact at about frame 236. . . .

I believe that President Kennedy shared Tague’s experience. Doubtless the bullet hitting the concrete only a few feet from the President showered President Kennedy with bits of concrete and possibly metal fragments. . . .

Pelted or forcibly struck by bits of concrete and metal, he lived the next two seconds in a daze. His right arm, which had been waving to the Elm Street crowd, froze in place. By the time he emerged from behind the road sign and back into Zapruder’s view, his hands were rising to cover his face. (Conspiracy of One: The Definitive Book on the Kennedy Assassination, 2018 edition, pp. 167-169, 197-198)

This is actually the least ridiculous version of the SBT that has been offered by WC apologists. Of course, it, too, is fatally flawed because of the conflicting trajectories, because of the narrow wound path through Connally's chest, because of the wound-ballistics evidence that CE 399 could not have done all the damage required by the SBT, and because of the disclosures that the back wound had no exit point, that there was no hole in the tie and no nick on the tie knot's left or right edge, and that the back wound was well below the throat wound, etc.

However, at least this version of the SBT offers a non-ludicrous explanation for JFK's Z200-237 reaction, offers a non-ludicrous explanation for the location of the rear JFK clothing holes, and acknowledges the obvious implications of the Z238-242 right shoulder drop.

For information on why JFK's reaction in Z224-232 does not even come close to a Thorburn reaction, see the following articles:

"Dr. Lattimer and the Great Thorburn Hoax"

"John Lattimer Never Quit"

Your last observation is that most astute. BRW is a variable which makes it impossible to establish these time frames with any precision.

I don't think the WC tried to nail down where BRW was other than to say he joined Norman and Jarman at APPROXIMATELY 12:20. This was on page 68. Is there another passage where they wrote of BRW's whereabouts?

The WC Sham had the testimonies of Junior Jarman and Hank Norman to nail down when BRW went down to join them.
And wouldn't you believe it, they omitted this testimony from the report. What a shock.