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Reasonable Doubts?

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Milton Kaiser:
I Have Just Such an Education and personal but not professional experience. Whether or not I could Testify, would be decided by a judge thru voir dire.

John Corbett:

--- Quote from: Michael T. Griffith on June 11, 2026, 06:26:10 PM ---Gov. Connally had good reasons for selecting Z234 as the moment of impact. One of them was that starting in Z238 we see a very definite change in Connally: his right shoulder rapidly collapses, his cheeks puff, and a pained expression appears on his face. The right-shoulder collapse matches Connally's earliest descriptions of the bullet's impact: he said the impact felt like someone hit him powerfully in the back with their first.

Lone-gunman theorists have fallen all over themselves trying to explain this dramatic, obvious reaction event, with a few even making the specious claim that the shoulder collapse is an optical illusion. Why does the Z238-242 reaction pose such a problem for WC apologists? Because they are chained down by the single-bullet theory (SBT), which requires that Connally was hit absolutely no later than Z224.
--- End quote ---

Funny, but this is the first time I have seen this argument made. Perhaps that was an argument advanced in the early days of public access to the Z-film. It was first shown in the mid-1970s on Geraldo's first nighttime news program but that was before VCRs had gained popularity so I doubt many people got to see it then. I didn't see it for the first time until the late 1980s when CBS News did a program on the assassination anchored by Walter Cronkite. Even then, I remember them only playing it once at regular speed than examined short clips in more detail. This was about the time the internet was becoming more popular and ISPs gave widespread access to it. I joined the Prodigy service in 1991 shortly after it became available which coincided with the release of Oliver Stone's movie. That gave me my first exposure to both JFK discussion groups and internet porn.
--- Quote ---
A Z234 hit makes perfect sense with what we see in the Zapruder film. It makes total sense that a bullet that hit Connally in the back would only take four Zapruder frames--4/18ths of a second or 218.4 milliseconds--to drive his right shoulder downward. 218.4 milliseconds is in the range of the speed of an eye blink. Eye-blink speed ranges between 100 and 400 milliseconds.
--- End quote ---

A Z234 hit doesn't explain JBC's Z226 arm flip. Maybe JBC was anticipating getting shot in the wrist less than a half second later.
--- Quote ---
Similarly, the forced expulsion of air from Connally's lungs would have been quite rapid and forceful, quickly causing his cheeks to puff, just as we see in the Zapruder film virtually simultaneously with his right-shoulder drop. The cheeks start to puff just a frame or two after the right shoulder starts to drop.

--- End quote ---


This seemed like an odd explanation to me even back in the late 1980s when Cronkite mentioned it on the CBS documentary. As I recall, he was presenting it as an argument by the CTs and not as if it was an established fact. Sounds like a SWAG to me (Scientific Wild Ass Guess)
--- Quote ---

And, needless to say, the shattering of 4 inches of rib bone alone was extremely painful and would have quickly caused a pained expression to appear on Connally's face. Forensic science tells us that when people experience a sharp, sudden pain, it only takes 150-300 milliseconds to react with a pained facial expression.
--- End quote ---

That defies JBC's WC testimony. He said he didn't feel any great pain until he got to the hospital and tried to stand up:

"Again, a strange thing---strange things run through your mind and, perhaps, not so strange under the circumstances, but I immediately--the only thought that occurred to me was that I was in the jump seat next to the door, that everyone concerned, was going to be concerned with the President; that I had to get out of the way so they could get to the President. So although I was reclining, and again Mrs. Connally holding me, I suddenly lurched out of her arms and tried to stand upright to get myself out of the car.
I got--I don't really know how far I got. They tell me I got almost upright, and then just collapsed again, and someone then picked me up and put me on a stretcher. I again was very conscious because this was the first time that I had any real sensation of pain, and at this point the pain in the chest was excruciating, and I kept repeating just over and over, "My God, it hurts, it hurts," and it was hurting, it was excruciating at that point."

--- Quote ---
Of course, these reactions make no sense in a Z224-hit scenario. It most certainly would not have taken Connally's right shoulder 14 frames to begin to be driven downward, nor would it have taken 14 frames for Connally to react with a pained facial expression and for his cheeks to puff.
--- End quote ---

I'll leave that explanation to the people who have claimed JBC's shoulder was driven down by the force of the bullet. What the CTs fail to grasp is there are two types of reactions. Cognitive and reflexive. The latter happens more rapidly because it requires no interaction with the brain. The nerves and muscles are stimulated by an external source causing an involuntary movement such as JBC's arm flip. Cognitive reactions are a bit slower because the nerves send a message to the brain which sends a signal back to the muscle groups involved. In JBC's case his cognitive reaction happened about a half second after the bullet strike which followed his reflexive response.

https://thisvsthat.io/cognitive-vs-reactive

--- Quote ---
It is worth noting that Dr. Robert Shaw, Connally's chest surgeon, studied the Zapruder film and
concluded the bullet struck the Governor at Z236, "give or take 1 or 2 frames, and that Dr. Charles Gregory, Connally's wrist surgeon, opined that the hit occurred between Z234 and Z238.

--- End quote ---

Shaw's guess was only off by about 2/3 of a second.

Steve M. Galbraith:
Zapruder film trivia:

February 14, 1969:  "In an evening news program, Los Angeles station KTLA aired a copy of the Zapruder film, narrated by anchor Hal Fishman. The broadcast included reports of the day’s testimony in the Clay Shaw trial in New Orleans." Also, about a year later a Chicago station (WSNS) showed the film on a leftwing/underground type program called "Underground News with Chuck Collins."

Both of these were local news stations.

I remember reading about the first (not the specific station) but not the second.

https://www.jfk.org/the-collections/abraham-zapruder-film/

Benjamin Cole:
That has always been an interesting aspect of Gov. John Connally's wounds: His two surgeons thought the SBT did not hold water.

Dr. Robert Shaw and Dr. Charles Gregory were not activists or leftists, and Shaw had military experience of working on hundreds of wartime gunshot victims. Shaw, without dispute, is an authority on the topic.

My take is Shaw and Gregory gave their earnest opinions and had no axes to grind.

Gregory found that a projectile had entered JBC's wrist on the dorsal side...almost an anatomical impossibility for a slug that first entered JBC's chest from the rear.

Shaw thought it most likely JBC had been hit by a separate shot, that shot had not been impeded before hitting JBC.

The small round hole in the rear of JBC's assassination day shirt strongly suggests a direct shot, and not a slug that hit JBC "sideways" after tumbling.

There are a lot of reasons to have reasonable doubts about SBT, including that it was fabricated by Arlen Specter based on the premise that only two shots had struck JFK and JBC. Specter's job was to present the SBT-LNT narrative, not to investigate the truth. The WC concluded that one shot struck near Tague.

That CE-399 was not found in Trauma Room 2 adds another layer of perplexity. Even then hospital procedures were to retain bullets and report bullet wounds to police. JBC recalls the bullet fell from his leg on clicked on the floor of Trauma Room 2.

Yet somehow a slug is found in the Parkland hospital corridor, described as a "pointy-head" slug by OP Wright, hospital administrator and former police chief, and then that slug is purported to be CE-399.

I have reasonable doubts about the LNT-SBT.

John Corbett:

--- Quote from: Benjamin Cole on June 12, 2026, 01:06:57 AM ---I have reasonable doubts about the LNT-SBT.

--- End quote ---

If you have your mobile phone handy, call somebody who gives a shit.

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